Endocrine Abstracts

Background: C-peptide therapy ameliorates sensory nerve function in T1DM neuropathy. Prolonged GLUT-4 translocation and delayed counter regulation can induce hypoglycemia. GLUT-2 protein is the primary hepatic liver transporter related to hepatic glucose regulation it also plays a role on glucose sensing by pancreatic beta cells, via hepatoportal sensors controlling the autonomic nervous system and stimulates glucagon secretion.Objective: To discuss the ...

Background: Insulin, derived from a single chain precursor pro-insulin, is cleaved by convertases to form insulin (t1/2 – 4 min) and C-peptide (t1/2 – 30 min). The ratio of insulin to C-peptide levels, which is usually less than one, is reversed in presence of exogenous insulin and insulin autoimmune syndrome. We present the significance of insulin-C-peptide ratio (ICR) in the diagnostic algorithm for the investigation of endogenous hyperinsulinaemia.<p class="ab...

In mammals, spontaneous apoptosis is observed particularly in differentiating spermatogonia and spermatocytes. We have previously demonstrated that 17β-estradiol (E2) in primary rat pachytene spermatocytes (PS) binds ESR1 and GPER1 to activate EGFR/ERK/c-Jun pathway leading to up regulation of bax, a pro-apoptotic factor. Aim of this study was to clarify the effector pathway(s) controlling spermatocytes apoptosis using as model GC-2 cells, an immortalized mouse...

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare tumor, with incidence of 1–2 per million population annually, has a bimodal distribution by age, with cases clustering in children under 6, and in adults 30–40 years old. ACC has a dismal prognosis. The only curative treatment is complete surgical excision of the tumor, but late diagnosis prevents surgical cure, since ACC frequently recurs and metastasize. Chemotherapy is frequently ineffective, due to the overexpression of the ...

Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D), which is multifactorial, inherited and progressive chronic disorder, is characterised by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion and action. The sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1) and the insulin receptor (INSR) are critical elements in insulin-signalling pathways, and mutations in the SUR1 and INSR genes have been reported to have a role in determining susceptibility to T2D.The aim was to study whether the -3 C/T p...

During menopause, plasma lipids change in an unfavourable way to a more atherogenic pattern with, increased total and LDL-cholesterol and decreased HDL cholesterol concentrations. Women with POI show increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality regardless of the cause of the ovarian insufficiency. The treatment of premature ovarian failure in patients presenting extremely low HLD-C is a real challenge.We present the case of a 29 ye...

During menopause, plasma lipids change in an unfavourable way to a more atherogenic pattern with, increased total and LDL-cholesterol and decreased HDL cholesterol concentrations. Women with POI show increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality regardless of the cause of the ovarian insufficiency. The treatment of premature ovarian failure in patients presenting extremely low HLD-C is a real challenge.We present the case of a 29 ye...

Background: The obesity prevalence surge in children and adolescents is associated with dysglycaemia, dyslipidaemia and long-term cardiovascular complications. Use of lipid-lowering medications1 has been recommended following lifestyle modifications. We aim to investigate the demographic, and changes in LDL-c, in these young patients, in the presence and absence of dysglycaemia.Methods: Complete lipid profiles of patients (≤19 years old)...

Deficiency of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 (17βHSD3), an enzyme converting androstenedione (A) to testosterone (T) in the Leydig cells of the testis, is a rare cause of autosomal recessive 46,XY disorders of sexual development (DSD). A 18-year-old phenotypically female patient presented with primary amenorrhea. She had deep voice, macrocephaly, broad forehead, enlarged nasal tip, macrostomia, facial acne, gynecomastia, left-convex dorsal scoliosis, hypopla...

Introduction: No study has evaluated the effect of cytokines on the prototype beta chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2 in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO), nor of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha activation on this chemokine secretion in fibroblasts or preadipocytes in GO.Design and methods: We have tested the interferon (IFN)gamma and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)alpha effect on CCL2, and for comparison on the prototype alpha chemoki...